TQ Quiz | Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of AMD (Barcelona 2024)

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1. Clinically speaking, what is the approximate diameter of the human macula?*

A - 0.3mm

B - 1.5mm

C - 5.5mm

D - Unsure

2. The macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) is comprised of what 3 layers?*

A - Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL)

B - Ganglion cell layer (GCL)

C - Inner plexiform layer (IPL)

D - All of the above

3. According to epidemiologic studies, what ophthalmic condition has the highest level of population prevalence?*

A - Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

B - Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)

C - Diabetic retinopathy (DR)

D - Neuromyelitis optica (NMO)

4. Based on recent epidemiologic studies, what genetic risk factors show the highest association for developing AMD?*

A - Complement factors (i.e. CFH, ARMS2, CFI)

B - Lipid / cholesterol regulation (CETP, ABCA1, apoE)

C - None of the above

D - All of the above

5. Which early retinal findings were associated with development of AMD?*

A - Microvascular changes within choriocapillaris

B - RPE dysfunction

C - Drusen formation

D - All of the above

6. Drusen formation associated with AMD development occurs at which layers?*

A - Bowman’s layer

B - RPE / Bruch’s interface

C - Photoreceptor axons

D - RNFL

7. What three (3) processes were discussed as the cause of early pathogenesis of drusen formation?*

A - Inflammation

B - Oxidative stress

C - Disruption of RPE transport mechanisms

D - All of the above

8. In the AREDS 2 formulation, lutein and zeaxanthin were substituted for what component found in the original AREDS formulation?*

A - Copper

B - Vitamin C

C - Beta-carotene

D - Zinc

9. What subclinical technique was described in the presentation was described as a functional assessment of macular function capable of identifying incident or early AMD before clinical signs are evident?*

A - Dark adaptometry

B - ETDRS acuity

C - SD-OCT

D - None of the above

10. What subclinical technique was described in the presentation was described as a structural assessment of choriocapillaris function capable of identifying incident or early AMD before clinical signs are evident?*

A - 10-2 Humphrey visual field

B - Non-contact tonometry

C - Watzke-Allen sign

D - Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)

11. _______________ was defined as exposure to low-intensity visible to NIR (500-1000 nm) allows high tissue penetration and offers a non-invasive approach for the treatment of atrophic AMD.*

A - AREDS2 supplementation

B - Photobiomodulation (PBM)

C - High dose atorvastatin treatment

D - Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV)

12. Effective retinal nutraceutical compounds share a common chemical structural component capable of free radical neutralization and singlet oxygen quenching known as (a) ________*

A - Hydroxyl group (-OH)

B - Benzene ring

C - Elemental zinc (Zn)

D - None of the above

13. What flavonoids were discussed in the lecture as showing peer-reviewed evidence of a protective effect at the level of the RPE?*

A - Quercetin

B - Resveratrol

C - Curcumin

D - All of the above

14. The discussed systematic review and meta-analysis of macular pigment found beneficial associations with what visual functions?*

A - Photostress recovery

B - Glare disability

C - Contrast sensitivity

D - All of the above

15. The discussed systematic review and meta-analysis of macular pigment found beneficial associations with what visual functions?*

A - Photostress recovery

B - Glare disability

C - Contrast sensitivity

D - All of the above

16. What were the three (3) proposed hypotheses of macular pigment (MP) function at the retinal level?*

A - Protection Hypothesis

B - Optical Hypothesis

C - Neural efficiency hypothesis

D - All of the above

17. According to the paper, “Retinal pathological features and proteome signatures of Alzheimer’s disease”, what specific cell type showed ~80% loss in cortical areas associated with memory and are also identifiable in retinal imaging?*

A - Grandmother cells

B - Microglial cells

C - Photoreceptor axons

D - RPE

18. What chart, available as a patient handout, was discussed in the presentation as more sensitive than the standard Amlser grid (Chart 1)?*

A - Zhang’s ring

B - Dry eye checklist

C - Chart 7 with foveal detail discrimination of 0.5o or 150μm

D - VFQ 25

19. In addition to xanthophyllic carotenoids, what other nutraceutical class was discuss as having peer-reviewed evidence of decreasing AMD incidence over 15 years?*

A - Polyphenols

B - Carotenes

C - Heavy metals

D - Trace elements (i.e. Zn and Cu)

20. The AREDS2 formulation has demonstrated clinical evidence of reducing the risk of AMD progress in what stage of the disease?*

A - (-) maculopathy

B - Mild maculopathy

C - Intermediate maculopathy

D - No evidence exists for the usage of AREDS2 in atrophic AMD

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