TQ Quiz | Don’t Hold Your Breath: The Impact of Poor Sleep on Eye and Related Systemic Disease | Orlando 26

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1. Which of the following is an example of parasomnia?*

A - obstructive sleep apnea

B - central sleep apnea

C - night terror disorder

D - primary insomnia

2. Which of the following patients has severe sleep apnea?*

A - Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) = 16 events/hour

B - spouse notes cessation of breath during sleep and BMI = 35

C - constant snoring and neck circumference > 17 inches

D - AHI = 32 events/hour

3. In-home polysomnography (PSG) for the detection of sleep apnea measures each of the following EXCEPT:*

A - limb movements

B - red blood cell oxygen saturation

C - pulse

D - respiration

4. Sleep hygiene includes each of the following EXCEPT*

A - attempting sleep in a darkened room with minimal extraneous lighting

B - consumption of alcoholic beverage just prior to attempted sleep

C - consistently attempting sleep at the same time each day

D - avoidance of caffeine and nicotine prior to attempted sleep

5. A positive Easy Sleep Apnea Predictor (ESAP) test result occurs when a patient’s thumb tips touch and fingers grasped about the neck have a gap of at least:*

A - 0.5 cm

B - 1 cm

C - 1 inch

D - 2 inches

6. What was the minimum required use of CPAP per day in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) necessary for reduction of cardiovascular risk per the SAVE trial?*

A - 2 hours

B - 3 hours

C - 4 hours

D - 6 hours

7. Hypersomnia (excessive sleep) above 8 hours was associated with an approximately fold increased risk of geographic atrophy in one analysis?*

A - 2-

B - 4-

C - 5-

D - 7-

8. The ‘sweet spot’ of daily sleep duration for significant reduction in risk of multiple eye disorders, including sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy and any age-related macular degeneration, is roughly hours*

A - 5 hours

B - 7.5 hours

C - 8.5 hours

D - 10 hours

9. Although CPAP is the ‘gold standard,’ other possible treatments for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) include each of the following EXCEPT?*

A - playing didgeridoo consistently

B - uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPP)

C - hypoglossal nerve stimulation

D - vigorous exercise prior to sleep

10. Which feature is an important criteria for increased OSAS risk in the STOP-BANG apnea survey?*

A - observed cessation of breath while sleeping

B - low blood pressure

C - neck circumference < 16 inches

D - lack of daytime sleepiness

11. Which sleep disorder is associated with a much heightened risk of suicide?*

A - sleep apnea

B - nightmare disorder

C - primary insomnia

D - restless leg syndrome

12. Central sleep apnea is characterized by:*

A - absence of ventilatory effort during sleep

B - airway collapse during sleep

C - excessive limb movements during sleep

D - increased neck circumference

13. Blue light exposure prior to sleep is thought to decrease sleep quality via what mechanism?*

A - suppression of melatonin release by the pinneal gland via stimulation of intrinsically photo-receptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs)

B - stimulation of melatonin release by the pinneal gland via stimulation of intrinsically photo-receptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs)

C - reduction of adrenal cortisol via stimulation of intrinsically photo-receptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs)

D - increased hippocampal insulin production via stimulation of intrinsically photo- receptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs)

14. Roughly what percentage of fatal motor vehicles accidents in the US are attributable to sleepy drivers?*

A - 5%

B - 10%

C - 15%

D - 25%

15. What is the earliest school start time for children recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics?*

A - 7:00 AM

B - 8:00 AM

C - 8:30 AM

D - 9:00 AM

16. Which statement is CORRECT?*

A - most cases of obstructive sleep apnea are symptomatic

B - mild sleep apnea is most likely to be related to sleep position

C - obstructive sleep apnea is less common than central sleep apnea

D - women are more likely than men to have obstructive sleep apnea

17. Untreated sleep apnea has been linked to increased risk of each of the following eye problems EXCEPT:*

A - vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy

B - poorer response to anti-VEGF treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

C - increased prevalence of high myopia

D - primary open angle glaucoma

18. In animal models of dry eye, sleep deprivation negatively affects what feature(s)?*

A - meibomian gland function

B - tear osmolarity

C - corneal nerve sensitivity

D - corneal epithelial microvilli that maintain tear film stability

19. Which statement is FALSE?*

A - going without sleep for more than 18 hours has been shown to have minimal affect on driving performance

B - sleep deprivation negatively affects the intestinal microbiome

C - sleep deprivation has been linked to medical errors by clinicians that lead to excess mortality

D - sleep duration, including REM sleep, typically declines with age

20. Alcohol consumption prior to sleep negatively affects each of the following EXCEPT:*

A - wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO)

B - time it takes to fall asleep (sleep latency)

C - likelihood of developing sleep apnea

D - duration of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

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